{"id":2549,"date":"2023-02-06T12:17:54","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T12:17:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/?p=2549"},"modified":"2023-02-06T12:21:03","modified_gmt":"2023-02-06T12:21:03","slug":"what-is-structural-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/news\/what-is-structural-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Structural Steel? Shapes and Standards."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Sructural steel<\/b>\u00a0is a category of\u00a0<a title=\"Steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steel\">steel<\/a>\u00a0used for making\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Construction material\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Construction_material\">construction materials<\/a>\u00a0in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel\u00a0<a title=\"Shape\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shape\">shapes<\/a>\u00a0take the form of an elongated beam having a\u00a0<a title=\"Profile (engineering)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Profile_(engineering)\">profile<\/a>\u00a0of a specific\u00a0<a title=\"Cross section (geometry)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cross_section_(geometry)\">c<\/a>ross-section. Structural steel shapes, sizes,\u00a0<a title=\"Chemistry\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemistry\">chemical composition<\/a>, and mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by <a title=\"Technical standard\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Technical_standard\">standards<\/a>\u00a0in most industrialized countries.<\/p>\n<p>Most structural steel shapes, such as\u00a0<a title=\"I-beam\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I-beam\">I-beams<\/a>, have high\u00a0<a title=\"Second moment of area\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_moment_of_area\">second moments of area<\/a>, which means they are very stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area and thus can support a high\u00a0<a title=\"Structural load\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_load\">load<\/a>\u00a0without excessive\u00a0<a title=\"Hogging and sagging\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hogging_and_sagging\">sagging<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2550 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Structural-steel-icons-300x48.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Structural-steel-icons-300x48.jpg 300w, https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Structural-steel-icons-600x95.jpg 600w, https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Structural-steel-icons.jpg 666w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Manchester_Victoria_roof_view.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/97\/Manchester_Victoria_roof_view.JPG\/220px-Manchester_Victoria_roof_view.JPG\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/97\/Manchester_Victoria_roof_view.JPG\/330px-Manchester_Victoria_roof_view.JPG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/97\/Manchester_Victoria_roof_view.JPG\/440px-Manchester_Victoria_roof_view.JPG 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"165\" data-file-width=\"3648\" data-file-height=\"2736\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Structural steel roof at\u00a0<a title=\"Manchester Victoria station\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manchester_Victoria_station\">Manchester Victoria Station<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\"Common_structural_shapes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Common structural shapes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The shapes available are described in many published standards worldwide, and a number of specialist and proprietary cross sections are also available.<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:I-Beam_002.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/40\/I-Beam_002.JPG\/220px-I-Beam_002.JPG\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/40\/I-Beam_002.JPG\/330px-I-Beam_002.JPG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/40\/I-Beam_002.JPG\/440px-I-Beam_002.JPG 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"115\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"418\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>A steel\u00a0I-beam, in this case used to support timber joists in a house.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"I-beam\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I-beam\">I-beam<\/a>\u00a0(I-shaped cross-section \u2013 in Britain these include Universal Beams (UB) and Universal Columns (UC); in Europe it includes the IPE, HE, HL, HD and other sections; in the US it includes Wide\u00a0<a title=\"Flange\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flange\">Flange<\/a>\u00a0(WF or W-Shape) and\u00a0H\u00a0sections)<\/li>\n<li>Z-Shape (half a flange in opposite directions)<\/li>\n<li>HSS-Shape (<a title=\"Hollow structural section\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hollow_structural_section\">Hollow structural section<\/a>\u00a0also known as SHS (structural hollow section) and including square, rectangular, circular (<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Pipe (material)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pipe_(material)\">pipe<\/a>) and elliptical cross sections)<\/li>\n<li>Angle (L-shaped cross-section)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Structural channel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_channel\">Structural channel<\/a>, or\u00a0C-beam, or\u00a0C\u00a0cross-section<\/li>\n<li>Tee (T-shaped cross-section)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Rail profile\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rail_profile\">Rail profile<\/a>\u00a0(asymmetrical\u00a0I-beam)\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Railway track\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Railway_track#Rail\">Railway rail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Vignoles rail\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vignoles_rail\">Vignoles rail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Flanged T rail\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flanged_T_rail\">Flanged\u00a0T\u00a0rail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Tramway track\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tramway_track#Grooved_rail\">Grooved rail<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Bar, a long piece with a rectangular cross section, but not so wide so as to be called a\u00a0<a title=\"Sheet metal\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheet_metal\">sheet<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Rod, a round or square section long compared to its width; see also\u00a0<a title=\"Rebar\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rebar\">rebar<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Dowel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dowel\">dowel<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Plate, metal sheets thicker than 6\u00a0mm or\u00a0<span class=\"frac\" role=\"math\"><span class=\"num\">1<\/span>\u2044<span class=\"den\">4<\/span><\/span>\u00a0in.<\/li>\n<li>Open web steel\u00a0<a title=\"Joist\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joist\">joist<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>While many sections are made by\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Hot rolling\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hot_rolling\">hot<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Cold rolling\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_rolling\">cold<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Rolling (metalworking)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolling_(metalworking)\">rolling<\/a>, others are made by\u00a0<a title=\"Welding\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Welding\">welding<\/a>\u00a0together flat or bent plates (for example, the largest circular hollow sections are made from flat plate bent into a circle and seam-welded).<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_steel#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"Misnomer_holdouts\" class=\"anchor\"><\/span>The terms\u00a0<i>angle iron<\/i>,\u00a0<i>channel iron<\/i>, and\u00a0<i>sheet iron<\/i>\u00a0have been in common use since before\u00a0<a title=\"Wrought iron\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wrought_iron\">wrought iron<\/a>\u00a0was replaced by steel for commercial purposes. They have lived on after the era of commercial wrought iron and are still sometimes heard today, informally, in reference to steel angle stock, channel stock, and sheet, despite that they are\u00a0<a title=\"Misnomer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Misnomer\">misnomers<\/a>\u00a0(compare &#8220;tin foil&#8221;, still sometimes used informally for aluminum foil). In formal writing for metalworking contexts, accurate terms like\u00a0<i>angle stock<\/i>,\u00a0<i>channel stock<\/i>, and\u00a0<i>sheet<\/i>\u00a0are used.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Standards\" class=\"mw-headline\">Standards<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Standard_structural_steels_.28Europe.29\"><\/span><span id=\"Standard_structural_steels_(Europe)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Standard structural steels (Europe)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Most steels used throughout Europe are specified to comply with the\u00a0<a title=\"European Committee for Standardization\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Committee_for_Standardization\">European standard<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"EN 10025\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EN_10025\">EN 10025<\/a>. However, many national standards also remain in force.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\">[<i><a title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)\">citation needed<\/span><\/a><\/i>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Typical grades are described as &#8216;S275J2&#8217; or &#8216;S355K2W&#8217;. In these examples, &#8216;S&#8217; denotes structural rather than engineering steel; 275 or 355 denotes the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Yield strength\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yield_strength\">yield strength<\/a>\u00a0in newtons per square millimetre or the equivalent\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Megapascal\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Megapascal\">megapascals<\/a>; J2 or K2 denotes the materials\u00a0<a title=\"Toughness\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toughness\">toughness<\/a>\u00a0by reference to\u00a0<a title=\"Charpy impact test\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charpy_impact_test\">Charpy impact test<\/a>\u00a0values; and the &#8216;W&#8217; denotes\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Cor-ten\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cor-ten\">weathering steel<\/a>. Further letters can be used to designate fine grain steel (&#8216;N&#8217; or &#8216;NL&#8217;);\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Quench\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quench\">quenched and tempered<\/a>\u00a0steel (&#8216;Q&#8217; or &#8216;QL&#8217;); and thermomechanically rolled steel (&#8216;M&#8217; or &#8216;ML&#8217;).<\/p>\n<p>1. S275JOH Specification S275JOH is steel grade in EN 10219 specification, EN 10210 standard. And the most widely used specification is EN10219 standard, which is Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels.<br \/>\nEN10219-1 specifies the technical delivery conditions for cold formed welded structural hollow sections of circular, square or rectangular forms and applies to structural hollow sections formed cold without subsequent heat treatment.<br \/>\nRequirements for S275JOH pipe tolerances, dimensions and sectional s275 pipe properties are contained in EN 10219-2.<br \/>\n2. S275JOH Steel Pipes manufacture Process<br \/>\nThe steel manufacturing process shall be at the discretion of the steel producer. S275JOH carbon steel pipes can be made in ERW, SAW or seamless process. All S275JOH steel material and S275JOH pipes should conform to EN10219 standards.<sup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_steel#cite_note-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The normal yield strength grades available are 195, 235, 275, 355, 420, and 460, although some grades are more commonly used than others e.g. in the UK, almost all structural steel is grades S275 and S355. Higher grades are available in quenched and tempered material (500, 550, 620, 690, 890 and 960 \u2013 although grades above 690 receive little if any use in construction at present).<\/p>\n<p>A set of\u00a0<a title=\"Euronorm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euronorm\">Euronorms<\/a>\u00a0define the shape of a set of standard structural profiles:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>European I-beam: IPE \u2013\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"Euronorm 19-57 (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Euronorm_19-57&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Euronorm 19-57<\/a><\/li>\n<li>European I-beam: IPN \u2013\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"DIN 1025-1 (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=DIN_1025-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">DIN 1025-1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>European flange beams: HE \u2013\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"Euronorm 53-62 (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Euronorm_53-62&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Euronorm 53-62<\/a><\/li>\n<li>European channels: UPN \u2013 DIN 1026-1<\/li>\n<li>European cold formed IS\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"IS 800-1 (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=IS_800-1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">IS 800-1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Standard_structural_steels_.28US.29\"><\/span><span id=\"Standard_structural_steels_(US)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Standard structural steels (US)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Steels used for building construction in the US use standard alloys identified and specified by\u00a0<a title=\"ASTM International\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ASTM_International\">ASTM International<\/a>. These steels have an alloy identification beginning with\u00a0<b>A<\/b>\u00a0and then two, three, or four numbers. The four-number\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"AISI steel grades\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AISI_steel_grades\">AISI steel grades<\/a>\u00a0commonly used for mechanical engineering, machines, and vehicles are a completely different specification series.<\/p>\n<p>The standard commonly used structural steels are:<sup id=\"cite_ref-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_steel#cite_note-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Carbon_steels\" class=\"mw-headline\">Carbon steels<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Carbon steels\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Structural_steel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"A36 steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A36_steel\">A36<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural shapes and plate.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"A53 steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A53_steel\">A53<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural pipe and tubing.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"A500 steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A500_steel\">A500<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural pipe and tubing.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"A501 steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A501_steel\">A501<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural pipe and tubing.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"A529 steel (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A529_steel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">A529<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural shapes and plate.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"A1085 steel (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A1085_steel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">A1085<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural pipe and tubing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"High_strength_low_alloy_steels\" class=\"mw-headline\">High strength low alloy steels<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"A441 steel (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A441_steel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">A441<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural shapes and plates (Superseded by A572)<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"A572 steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A572_steel\">A572<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural shapes and plates.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"A618 steel (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A618_steel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">A618<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural pipe and tubing.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"A992 steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A992_steel\">A992<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Possible applications are W or S I-Beams.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"A913 steel (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A913_steel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">A913<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Quenched and Self Tempered (QST) W shapes.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"A270 steel (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A270_steel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">A270<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural shapes and plates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Corrosion_resistant_high_strength_low_alloy_steels\" class=\"mw-headline\">Corrosion resistant high strength low alloy steels<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"A243 (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A243&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">A243<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural shapes and plates.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Weathering steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weathering_steel\">A588<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural shapes and plates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Quenched_and_tempered_alloy_steels\" class=\"mw-headline\">Quenched and tempered alloy steels<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"A514 steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A514_steel\">A514<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 structural shapes and plates.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"A514 steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A514_steel#A517\">A517<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 boilers and pressure vessels.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Eglin steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eglin_steel\">Eglin steel<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Inexpensive aerospace and weaponry items.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span id=\"Forged_steel\" class=\"mw-headline\">Forged steel<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"Edit section: Forged steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Structural_steel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">edit<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"new\" title=\"A668 (page does not exist)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=A668&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">A668<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Steel Forgings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Non-preload_bolt_assembly_(EN_15048).png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Non-preload_bolt_assembly_%28EN_15048%29.png\/220px-Non-preload_bolt_assembly_%28EN_15048%29.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Non-preload_bolt_assembly_%28EN_15048%29.png\/330px-Non-preload_bolt_assembly_%28EN_15048%29.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Non-preload_bolt_assembly_%28EN_15048%29.png\/440px-Non-preload_bolt_assembly_%28EN_15048%29.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"178\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"973\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Non-preload bolt assembly (EN 15048)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:EN_14399_Pre-load_bolt_assembly_(System_HR).png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/EN_14399_Pre-load_bolt_assembly_%28System_HR%29.png\/220px-EN_14399_Pre-load_bolt_assembly_%28System_HR%29.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/EN_14399_Pre-load_bolt_assembly_%28System_HR%29.png\/330px-EN_14399_Pre-load_bolt_assembly_%28System_HR%29.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bb\/EN_14399_Pre-load_bolt_assembly_%28System_HR%29.png\/440px-EN_14399_Pre-load_bolt_assembly_%28System_HR%29.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"177\" data-file-width=\"2463\" data-file-height=\"1983\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>Pre-load bolt assembly (EN 14399)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"CE_marking\" class=\"mw-headline\">CE marking<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The concept of\u00a0<a title=\"CE marking\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CE_marking\">CE marking<\/a>\u00a0for all construction products and steel products is introduced by the\u00a0<a title=\"Construction Products Directive\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Construction_Products_Directive\">Construction Products Directive (CPD)<\/a>. The CPD is a\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"EU Directive\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EU_Directive\">European Directive<\/a>\u00a0that ensures the free movement of all construction products within the European Union.<\/p>\n<p>Because steel components are &#8220;safety critical&#8221;, CE Marking is not allowed unless the\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Factory Production Control\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Factory_Production_Control\">Factory Production Control (FPC)<\/a>\u00a0system under which they are produced has been assessed by a suitable certification body that has been approved to the European Commission.<sup id=\"cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_steel#cite_note-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In the case of\u00a0<a title=\"Steel\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steel\">steel<\/a>\u00a0products such as sections, bolts and fabricated steelwork the CE Marking demonstrates that the product complies with the relevant harmonized standard.<sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_steel#cite_note-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>For steel structures the main harmonized standards are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Steel sections and plate \u2013 EN 10025-1<\/li>\n<li>Hollow sections \u2013 EN 10219-1 and EN 10210-1<\/li>\n<li>Pre-loadable bolts \u2013 EN 14399-1<\/li>\n<li>Non-preloadable bolts \u2013 EN 15048-1<\/li>\n<li>Fabricated steel \u2013\u00a0<a title=\"EN 1090\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EN_1090\">EN 1090<\/a>\u00a0\u22121<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The standard that covers CE Marking of structural steelwork is\u00a0<a title=\"EN 1090\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EN_1090\">EN 1090<\/a>-1. The standard has come into force in late 2010. After a transition period of two years, CE Marking will become mandatory in most European Countries sometime early in 2012.<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_steel#cite_note-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The official end date of the transition period is July 1, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>@source @wikipedia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sructural steel\u00a0is a category of\u00a0steel\u00a0used for making\u00a0construction materials\u00a0in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel\u00a0shapes\u00a0take the form of an elongated beam having a\u00a0profile\u00a0of a specific\u00a0cross-section. Structural steel shapes, sizes,\u00a0chemical composition, and mechanical properties such as strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards\u00a0in most industrialized countries. Most structural steel shapes, such as\u00a0I-beams, have high\u00a0second moments [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2097,"featured_media":2551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[55,53,54],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Structural Steel? visit No.1 Building Material Company<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Get Quotation for the Emirates structural steel, Union structural steel, other brands with Competitive price, Durable quality &amp; FREE Delivery.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/news\/what-is-structural-steel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is Structural Steel? visit No.1 Building Material Company\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Get Quotation for the Emirates structural steel, Union structural steel, other brands with Competitive price, Durable quality &amp; FREE Delivery.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/news\/what-is-structural-steel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Building Materials Supplier Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Sharjah, RAK-UAE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/UAE-Enterprises-Group-of-Companies\/100083298424965\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-06T12:17:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-06T12:21:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/UAE-ENTERPRISES-BUILDING-MATERIALS-WHAT-IS-STRUCTURAL-sTEEL-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Abdel Kaleem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"What is Structural Steel? visit No.1 Building Material Company\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Get Quotation for the Emirates structural steel, Union structural steel, other brands with Competitive price, Durable quality &amp; FREE Delivery.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/UAE-ENTERPRISES-BUILDING-MATERIALS-WHAT-IS-STRUCTURAL-sTEEL-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uae_enterprises\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uae_enterprises\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abdel Kaleem\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/news\/what-is-structural-steel\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/news\/what-is-structural-steel\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abdel Kaleem\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uaeenterprises.com\/#\/schema\/person\/52351de00319df6409a84f83611905a2\"},\"headline\":\"What is Structural Steel? 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